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Android蓝牙功能
本文实例为大家分享了Android学习笔记之蓝牙功能的具体代码,供大家参考,具体内容如下
蓝牙:短距离无线通讯技术标准。蓝牙协议分为4层,即核心协议层、电缆替代协议层、电话控制协议层和其他协议层。其中核心协议层包括基带、链路管理、逻辑链路控制和适应协议四部分。链路管理(LMP)负责蓝牙组件间的建立。逻辑链路控制与适应协议(L2CAP)位于基带协议层上,属于数据链路层,是一个高层传输和应用层协议屏蔽基带协议的适配协议。
1)、第一种打开蓝牙的方式:
Intent enableIntent = new Intent(BluetoothAdapter.ACTION_REQUEST_ENABLE); startActivityForResult(enableIntent,1);
2)、第二种打开蓝牙方式(静默)
权限配置:
BluetoothAdapter adapter = BluetoothAdapter.getDefaultAdapter(); adapter.enable();//打开 adapter.disable();//关闭
3)、通过代码搜索蓝牙
蓝牙数据传输:与Socket类似,网络中使用Socket和ServerSocket控制客户端和服务端,蓝牙通讯客户端为BluetoothSocket,服务端为BluetoothServerSocket。二者需要一个UUID(全局唯一标示符),格式如下:XXXXXXXX-XXXX-XXXX-XXXX-XXXXXXXXXXXX,被分为5段,其中3段字符数相同,都为4,第1段是8字符,最后一段12字符,UUID相当于Socket的端口,而蓝牙地址相当于Socket的IP。
一、搜索蓝牙设备
import android.bluetooth.BluetoothAdapter; import android.bluetooth.BluetoothDevice; import android.content.BroadcastReceiver; import android.content.Context; import android.content.Intent; import android.content.IntentFilter; import android.support.v7.app.AppCompatActivity; import android.os.Bundle; import android.view.View; import android.view.Window; import android.widget.TextView; import java.util.Set; public class MainActivity extends AppCompatActivity { private BluetoothAdapter bluetoothAdapter; private TextView tvDevices; @Override protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) { super.onCreate(savedInstanceState); requestWindowFeature(Window.FEATURE_INDETERMINATE_PROGRESS); setContentView(R.layout.activity_main); tvDevices = (TextView) findViewById(R.id.tvDevices); bluetoothAdapter = BluetoothAdapter.getDefaultAdapter(); SetpaireDevices = bluetoothAdapter.getBondedDevices(); if (paireDevices.size()>0){ for (BluetoothDevice devices:paireDevices){ tvDevices.append(devices.getName()+":"+devices.getAddress()); } } IntentFilter filter = new IntentFilter(BluetoothDevice.ACTION_FOUND);//找到一个设备,发送一个广播 this.registerReceiver(receiver,filter); filter = new IntentFilter(BluetoothAdapter.ACTION_DISCOVERY_FINISHED);//整个搜索完后发送广播 this.registerReceiver(receiver,filter); } public void onClick_Search(View view){ setProgressBarIndeterminateVisibility(true); setTitle("正在扫描..."); if(bluetoothAdapter.isDiscovering()){ bluetoothAdapter.cancelDiscovery(); } bluetoothAdapter.startDiscovery(); } private final BroadcastReceiver receiver = new BroadcastReceiver() { @Override public void onReceive(Context context, Intent intent) { String action = intent.getAction(); if (BluetoothDevice.ACTION_FOUND.equals(action)) { BluetoothDevice device = intent.getParcelableExtra(BluetoothDevice.EXTRA_DEVICE); if (device.getBondState() != BluetoothDevice.BOND_BONDED) { tvDevices.append(device.getName() + ":" + device.getAddress() + "\n"); } } else if (BluetoothAdapter.ACTION_DISCOVERY_FINISHED.equals(action)) { setProgressBarVisibility(false); setTitle("搜索完成"); } } }; }
真机测试效果图:
二、通过搜索,将搜到的设备连接并实现传输数据
import android.bluetooth.BluetoothAdapter; import android.bluetooth.BluetoothDevice; import android.bluetooth.BluetoothServerSocket; import android.bluetooth.BluetoothSocket; import android.content.BroadcastReceiver; import android.content.Context; import android.content.Intent; import android.os.Message; import android.support.v7.app.AppCompatActivity; import android.os.Bundle; import android.view.View; import android.view.Window; import android.widget.AdapterView; import android.widget.ArrayAdapter; import android.widget.ListView; import android.widget.Toast; import java.io.IOException; import java.io.InputStream; import java.io.OutputStream; import java.util.ArrayList; import java.util.List; import java.util.Set; import java.util.UUID; public class MainActivity extends AppCompatActivity implements AdapterView.OnItemClickListener { private BluetoothAdapter bluetoothAdapter;//蓝牙适配器 private ListView lvDevices;//显示蓝牙搜索控件 private ListbluetoothDevices = new ArrayList ();//存储搜索到的所有蓝牙设备 private ArrayAdapter arrayAdapter; private final UUID MY_UUID = UUID.fromString("db764ac8-4b08-7f25-aafe-59d03c27bae3");//手动输入UUID码 private final String NAME = "Bluetooth_Socket"; private BluetoothSocket clientSocket;//服务端 private BluetoothDevice device; private OutputStream os; private AcceptThread acceptThread; @Override protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) { super.onCreate(savedInstanceState); requestWindowFeature(Window.FEATURE_INDETERMINATE_PROGRESS); setContentView(R.layout.activity_main); bluetoothAdapter = BluetoothAdapter.getDefaultAdapter();//初始化 lvDevices = (ListView) findViewById(R.id.lvDevices); //显示配对的蓝牙信息 Set pairedDevices = bluetoothAdapter.getBondedDevices(); if (pairedDevices.size() > 0) { for (BluetoothDevice device : pairedDevices) { bluetoothDevices.add(device.getName() + ":" + device.getAddress() + "\n"); } } //显示设备在列表上 arrayAdapter = new ArrayAdapter (this, android.R.layout.simple_list_item_1, android.R.id.text1, bluetoothDevices); lvDevices.setAdapter(arrayAdapter); lvDevices.setOnItemClickListener(this); acceptThread = new AcceptThread(); acceptThread.start(); } public void onClick_Search(View view) { setProgressBarIndeterminateVisibility(true); setTitle("正在扫描..."); if (bluetoothAdapter.isDiscovering()) { bluetoothAdapter.cancelDiscovery(); } bluetoothAdapter.startDiscovery(); } private final BroadcastReceiver receiver = new BroadcastReceiver() { @Override public void onReceive(Context context, Intent intent) { String action = intent.getAction(); if (BluetoothDevice.ACTION_FOUND.equals(action)) { BluetoothDevice device = intent.getParcelableExtra(BluetoothDevice.EXTRA_DEVICE); if (device.getBondState() != BluetoothDevice.BOND_BONDED) { bluetoothDevices.add(device.getName()+":"+device.getAddress()+"\n"); arrayAdapter.notifyDataSetChanged(); // tvDevices.append(device.getName() + ":" + device.getAddress() + "\n"); } } else if (BluetoothAdapter.ACTION_DISCOVERY_FINISHED.equals(action)) { setProgressBarIndeterminateVisibility(false); setTitle("连接蓝牙设备"); } } }; /* * 客户端设置 * 单击事件 * */ @Override public void onItemClick(AdapterView> parent, View view, int position, long id) { String s = arrayAdapter.getItem(position); String address = s.substring(s.indexOf(":") + 1).trim();//获取蓝牙IP try { if (bluetoothAdapter.isDiscovering()) { bluetoothAdapter.cancelDiscovery();//若当前蓝牙被使用,则关闭重新启用 } try { if (device == null) {//若未连接,则获得远程设备 device = bluetoothAdapter.getRemoteDevice(address); } if (clientSocket == null) { clientSocket = device.createRfcommSocketToServiceRecord(MY_UUID); clientSocket.connect();//连接蓝牙 os = clientSocket.getOutputStream();//客户端向服务端输出文本 } } catch (IOException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } if (os != null) { os.write("发送信息到其他设备".getBytes("utf-8")); } } catch (Exception e) { e.printStackTrace(); } } /* * 服务端设置 * 设置一个Handler,用来显示 * */ private android.os.Handler handler = new android.os.Handler() { public void handleMessage(Message msg) { Toast.makeText(MainActivity.this, String.valueOf(msg.obj), Toast.LENGTH_LONG).show(); super.handleMessage(msg); } }; //线程类 private class AcceptThread extends Thread { private BluetoothServerSocket serverSocket; private BluetoothSocket socket; private InputStream is; private OutputStream os; public AcceptThread() { try { serverSocket = bluetoothAdapter.listenUsingRfcommWithServiceRecord(NAME, MY_UUID); } catch (IOException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } } public void run() { try { socket = serverSocket.accept(); is = socket.getInputStream(); os = socket.getOutputStream(); while (true) { byte[] buffer = new byte[128]; int count = is.read(buffer); Message msg = new Message(); msg.obj = new String(buffer, 0, count, "utf-8"); handler.sendMessage(msg); } } catch (IOException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } } } }
真机测试效果图:
以上就是本文的全部内容,希望对大家的学习有所帮助,也希望大家多多支持码农之家。