为找教程的网友们整理了相关的编程文章,网友后沈靖根据主题投稿了本篇教程内容,涉及到C语言、链表实现、C语言、链表、C语言链表相关内容,已被517网友关注,涉猎到的知识点内容可以在下方电子书获得。
C语言链表
一、链表的概念
链表是一种物理存储结构上非连续、非顺序的存储结构,数据元素的逻辑顺序是通过链表中的指针链接次序实现的
二、链表的结构
(1)单链表
(2)带头结点的单链表
(3)双向链表
(4)循环单链表
(5)双向循环链表
注释:
(1)无头单向非循环链表:结构简单,一般不会单独用来存数据。实际中更多是作为其他数据结构的子结构,如哈希桶、图的邻接表等等。
(2)带头双向循环链表:结构最复杂,一般用在单独存储数据。实际中使用的链表数据结构,都是带头双向循环链表。另外这个结构虽然结构复杂,但是使用代码实现以后会发现结构会带来很多优势,实现反而简单了。
三、顺序表和链表的区别和联系
(1)顺序表:
优点: 空间连续,支持随机访问。
缺点: 中间或前面部分的插入删除时间复杂度为O(n),并且增容代价比较大。
(2)链表
优点: 任意位置插入删除时间复杂度为O(1) 2.没有增容问题,插入一个开辟一个空间。
缺点: 以节点为单位存储,不支持随机访问。
四、链表的实现
(1)单链表的增删查找等操作
#pragma once #include"common.h" typedef struct SListNode { ElemType data; struct SListNode* next; }SListNode; typedef struct SList { SListNode* head; }SList; /// /// //单链表的函数接口声明 void SListInit(SList* plist); static SListNode* _Buynode(ElemType x); void SListPushBack(SList* plist, ElemType item);//1 void SListPushFront(SList* plist, ElemType item);//2 void SListShow(SList* plist);//3 void SListPopBack(SList* plist);//4 void SListPopFront(SList* plist);//5 void SListInsertVal(SList* plist, ElemType val);//7 void SqListDeleteByVal(SList* plist, ElemType val);//9 SListNode* SListFind(SList* plist, ElemType key);//10 size_t SListLength(SList* plist);//11 void SListSort(SList* plist);//13 void SListReverse(SList* plist);//14 void SListClear(SList* plist);//15 void SListDestroy(SList* plist); /// /// //单链表的函数接口实现 void SListInit(SList* plist) { plist->head = NULL; } static SListNode* _Buynode(ElemType x) { SListNode* s = (SListNode*)malloc(sizeof(SListNode)); assert(s != NULL); s->data = x; s->next = NULL; return s; } //1 void SListPushBack(SList* plist, ElemType item) { assert(plist != NULL); SListNode* s = _Buynode(item); //插入的节点为第一个节点 if (plist->head == NULL) { plist->head = s; return; } //O(n) SListNode* p = plist->head; //查找链表的尾部节点 while (p->next != NULL) { p = p->next; } p->next = s; } //2 void SListPushFront(SList* plist, ElemType item) { assert(plist != NULL); SListNode* s = _Buynode(item); s->next = plist->head; plist->head = s; } //3 void SListShow(SList* plist) { assert(plist != NULL); SListNode* p = plist->head; while (p != NULL) { printf("%d-->", p->data); p = p->next; } printf("Over.\n"); } //4 void SListPopBack(SList* plist) { assert(plist != NULL); SListNode* p = plist->head; if (plist->head == NULL) { printf("单链表为空,输出失败!\n"); return; } if (p->next == NULL) { plist->head = NULL; return; } SListNode* prev = NULL; while (p->next != NULL) { prev = p; p = p->next; } prev->next = NULL; free(p); } //5 void SListPopFront(SList* plist) { assert(plist != NULL); SListNode* p = plist->head; if (plist->head == NULL) { printf("单链表为空,输出失败!\n"); return; } plist->head = p->next; free(p); } //6 //7 void SListInsertVal(SList* plist, ElemType val) { assert(plist != NULL); SListNode* prev = NULL; SListNode* p = plist->head; SListNode* s = _Buynode(val); while (p != NULL && val > p->data) { prev = p; p = p->next; } if (prev == NULL) { s->next = p; plist->head = s; } else { s->next = prev->next; prev->next = s; } } //10 SListNode* SListFind(SList* plist, ElemType key) { assert(plist != NULL); SListNode* p = plist->head; while (p != NULL && p->data != key) p = p->next; return p; } //9 void SqListDeleteByVal(SList* plist, ElemType val) { assert(plist != NULL); SListNode* prev = NULL; SListNode* p = SListFind(plist, val); if (p == NULL) { printf("要删除的节点不存在.\n"); return; } if (p == plist->head) plist->head = p->next; else { prev = plist->head; while (prev->next != p) prev = prev->next; //删除 prev->next = p->next; } free(p); } //11 size_t SListLength(SList* plist) { assert(plist != NULL); size_t len = 0; SListNode* p = plist->head; while (p != NULL) { len++; p = p->next; } return len; } //13 void SListSort(SList* plist) { assert(plist != NULL); SListNode* p = plist->head->next; SListNode* q, * t, * prev = NULL; plist->head->next = NULL; //断开链表 t = plist->head; while (p != NULL) { q = p->next; while (t != NULL && p->data > t->data) { prev = t; t = t->next; } if (prev == NULL) { p->next = plist->head; plist->head = p; } else //if(prev->next!=NULL) { p->next = prev->next; prev->next = p; } p = q; t = plist->head; } } //14 void SListReverse(SList* plist) { assert(plist != NULL); SListNode* p = plist->head->next; SListNode* q; if (p->next == NULL) return; //断开第一个节点 plist->head->next = NULL; while (p != NULL) { q = p->next; p->next = plist->head; plist->head = p; p = q; } } //15 void SListClear(SList* plist) { assert(plist != NULL); SListNode* p = plist->head; while (p != NULL) { plist->head = p->next; free(p); p = plist->head; } } void SListDestroy(SList* plist) { SListClear(plist); plist->head = NULL; } ```c
(2)带头的双循环链表的实现
#pragma once #include"common.h" / //带头的双循环链表 typedef struct DCListNode { ElemType data; struct DCListNode* next; struct DCListNode* prev; }DCListNode; typedef struct DCList { DCListNode* head; }DCList; static DCListNode* _Buydnode(ElemType x); void DCListInit(DCList* plist); void DCListDestroy(DCList* plist); void DCListPushBack(DCList* plist, ElemType x);//1 void DCListPushFront(DCList* plist, ElemType x);//2 void DCListShow(DCList* plist);//3 void DCListPopBack(DCList* plist);//4 void DCListPopFront(DCList* plist);//5 void DCListInsertByVal(DCList* plist, ElemType val);//7 void DCListDeleteByVal(DCList* plist, ElemType val);//9 size_t DCListLength(DCList* plist);//11 void DCListSort(DCList* plist);//13 void DCListReverse(DCList* plist);//14 void DCListClear(DCList* plist);//15 DCListNode* DCListFind(DCList* plist, ElemType key);//10 static DCListNode* _Buydnode(ElemType x) { DCListNode* s = (DCListNode*)malloc(sizeof(DCListNode)); assert(s != NULL); s->data = x; s->next = s->prev = s; return s; } void DCListInit(DCList* plist) { plist->head = _Buydnode(0); } //1 void DCListPushBack(DCList* plist, ElemType x) { assert(plist != NULL); DCListNode* s = _Buydnode(x); s->prev = plist->head->prev; s->prev->next = s; s->next = plist->head; plist->head->prev = s; } //2 void DCListPushFront(DCList* plist, ElemType x) { assert(plist != NULL); DCListNode* s = _Buydnode(x); s->next = plist->head->next; s->next->prev = s; plist->head->next = s; s->prev = plist->head; } //3 void DCListShow(DCList* plist) { assert(plist != NULL); DCListNode* p = plist->head->next; while (p != plist->head) { printf("%d->", p->data); p = p->next; } printf("Over.\n"); } //4 void DCListPopBack(DCList* plist) { assert(plist != NULL); DCListNode* p = plist->head->prev; if (plist->head->next == plist->head) //if(p == plist->head) { printf("循环双链表只有头结点,操作失败.\n"); return; } plist->head->prev = p->prev; p->prev->next = plist->head; free(p); } //5 void DCListPopFront(DCList* plist) { assert(plist != NULL); DCListNode* p = plist->head->next; if (p == plist->head) { printf("循环双链表只有头结点,操作失败.\n"); return; } plist->head->next = p->next; p->next->prev = plist->head; free(p); } //7 void DCListInsertByVal(DCList* plist, ElemType val) { assert(plist != NULL); DCListNode* p = plist->head->next; while (p != plist->head && p->data < val) { p = p->next; } DCListNode* s = _Buydnode(val); s->next = p; s->prev = p->prev; p->prev->next = s; p->prev = s; } //9 void DCListDeleteByVal(DCList* plist, ElemType val) { assert(plist != NULL); DCListNode* p = DCListFind(plist, val); if (p == NULL) return; p->next->prev = p->prev; p->prev->next = p->next; free(p); } //10 DCListNode* DCListFind(DCList* plist, ElemType key) { assert(plist != NULL); DCListNode* p = plist->head->next; if (p == plist->head) { printf("双循环链表只有头结点,查找失败.\n"); return 0; } while (p != plist->head && p->data != key) { p = p->next; } if (p != plist->head) return p; return NULL; } //11 size_t DCListLength(DCList* plist) { assert(plist != NULL); size_t len = 0; DCListNode* p = plist->head->next; while (p != plist->head) { len++; p = p->next; } return len; } //13 void DCListSort(DCList* plist) { assert(plist != NULL); DCListNode* p = plist->head->next; DCListNode* q = p->next; //断开链表 p->next = plist->head; plist->head->prev = p; while (q != plist->head) { p = q; q = q->next; //寻找p插入的位置 DCListNode* t = plist->head->next; while (t != plist->head && t->data < p->data) t = t->next; p->next = t; p->prev = t->prev; p->next->prev = p; p->prev->next = p; p = q; } } //14 void DCListReverse(DCList* plist) { assert(plist != NULL); DCListNode* p = plist->head->next; DCListNode* q = p->next; //断开链表 p->next = plist->head; plist->head->prev = p; while (q != plist->head) { p = q; q = q->next; p->next = plist->head->next; p->prev = plist->head; p->next->prev = p; p->prev->next = p; //plist->head->next = p; } } //15 void DCListClear(DCList* plist) { assert(plist != NULL); DCListNode* p = plist->head->next; while (p != plist->head) { p->next->prev = p->prev; p->prev->next = p->next; free(p); p = plist->head->next; } } void DCListDestroy(DCList* plist) { DCListClear(plist); free(plist->head); plist->head = NULL; }
以上就是C语言学习之链表的实现详解的详细内容,更多关于C语言链表的资料请关注码农之家其它相关文章!