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Java创建型模式之建造者模式详解

发布：2023-03-30 08:40:01 59

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Java建造者模式

一.介绍

建造者模式（Builder Pattern）属于创建型模式。如果一个对象具有复杂的内部结构或者内部属性本身相互依赖(有顺序要求)，甚至对象中的某些属性的创建也有一个很复杂的过程，就可以使用建造者模式

二.UML类图

三.具体代码

业务代码

public class Product {
    private String part1;
    private String part2;
    public Product(String part1, String part2) {
        this.part1 = part1;
        this.part2 = part2;
    }
    @Override
    public String toString() {
        return "Product{" +
                "part1='" + part1 + '\'' +
                ", part2='" + part2 + '\'' +
                '}';
    }
}
//控制每个部件的具体创建
interface Builder {
    void buildPart1(String part1);
    void buildPart2(String part2);
    Product build();
}
class ChinaBuilder implements Builder{
    private String part1;
    private String part2;
    @Override
    public void buildPart1(String part1) {
        this.part1 = "国产" + part1;
    }
    @Override
    public void buildPart2(String part2) {
         this.part2 = "国产" + part2;
    }
    @Override
    public Product build() {
        return new Product(part1, part2);
    }
}
//控制组装部件的顺序
class Director{
    private Builder builder;
    public Director(Builder builder) {
        this.builder = builder;
    }
    public Product construct(String part1, String part2){
        builder.buildPart1(part1);
        builder.buildPart2(part2);
        return builder.build();
    }
}

测试代码

public class BuilderTest {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Director director = new Director(new ChinaBuilder());
        Product product = director.construct("传感器", "芯片");
        System.out.println(product); //Product{part1='国产传感器', part2='国产芯片'}
    }
}

四.lombok的@Builder注解(拓展)

我们先以静态内部类的方式实现简单场景下的建造者模式(以优雅的链式调用代替set)

业务代码

public class Product {
    private String part1;
    private String part2;
    public Product(String part1, String part2) {
        this.part1 = part1;
        this.part2 = part2;
    }
    @Override
    public String toString() {
        return "Product{" +
                "part1='" + part1 + '\'' +
                ", part2='" + part2 + '\'' +
                '}';
    }
    static class Builder {
        private String part1;
        private String part2;
        public Builder part1(String part1) {
            this.part1 = part1;
            return this;
        }
        public Builder part2(String part2) {
            this.part2 = part2;
            return this;
        }
        public Product build(){
            return new Product(part1, part2);
        }
    }
}

测试类

public class ProductTest {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Product product = new Product.Builder().part1("传感器").part2("芯片").build();
        System.out.println(product); //Product{part1='传感器', part2='芯片'}
    }
}

下面看看lombok的@Builder注解的实现

业务代码

@Builder
public class Product {
    private String part1;
    private String part2;
}

在IDEA中打开Product.class文件，可以看出实际就是使用的简单场景的建造者模式

//
// Source code recreated from a .class file by IntelliJ IDEA
// (powered by FernFlower decompiler)
//
package com.designpattern.create.builder.lombok;
public class Product {
    private String part1;
    private String part2;
    Product(String part1, String part2) {
        this.part1 = part1;
        this.part2 = part2;
    }
    public static Product.ProductBuilder builder() {
        return new Product.ProductBuilder();
    }
    public static class ProductBuilder {
        private String part1;
        private String part2;
        ProductBuilder() {
        }
        public Product.ProductBuilder part1(String part1) {
            this.part1 = part1;
            return this;
        }
        public Product.ProductBuilder part2(String part2) {
            this.part2 = part2;
            return this;
        }
        public Product build() {
            return new Product(this.part1, this.part2);
        }
        public String toString() {
            return "Product.ProductBuilder(part1=" + this.part1 + ", part2=" + this.part2 + ")";
        }
    }
}